Plastic pollution in the marine environment
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Plastic in the Marine Environment
Plastic is cheap, ubiquitous and persistent. In 2010 the world produced 265M tonnes. Annual output is increasing with new uses and varieties augmenting demand. Plastic persists for centuries, much of it finding its way into coasts and waterways. Approximately 80% of marine debris is plastic (mostly bags and bottles), accumulating through spillage, runoff, dumping and discharge; with varied envi...
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The intrinsic properties and widespread presence of plastic particles in the marine environment have profound effects on birds inhabiting the world's oceans. Industrial and user-plastics composed of polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, styrofoam, and polyvinyl chloride are the most prevalent forms of plastic marine pollution. Their dispersal and accumulation, in average densities of 1000 t...
متن کاملThe pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review.
The deleterious effects of plastic debris on the marine environment were reviewed by bringing together most of the literature published so far on the topic. A large number of marine species is known to be harmed and/or killed by plastic debris, which could jeopardize their survival, especially since many are already endangered by other forms of anthropogenic activities. Marine animals are mostl...
متن کاملMarine pollution. Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.
Plastic debris in the marine environment is widely documented, but the quantity of plastic entering the ocean from waste generated on land is unknown. By linking worldwide data on solid waste, population density, and economic status, we estimated the mass of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean. We calculate that 275 million metric tons (MT) of plastic waste was generated in 192 coastal ...
متن کاملMonitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment.
Plastic debris has significant environmental and economic impacts in marine systems. Monitoring is crucial to assess the efficacy of measures implemented to reduce the abundance of plastic debris, but it is complicated by large spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the amounts of plastic debris and by our limited understanding of the pathways followed by plastic debris and its long-term fate. T...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Heliyon
سال: 2020
ISSN: 2405-8440
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04709